NEC is likely a NETs dependent process and markers of NETosis are predictive of NEC in mice and humans

Over 50 years, NEC has been working with our customers to develop and deliver innovative solutions for Air Traffic Control Systems incorporating advanced technologies. In so doing, NEC has accumulated comprehensive know-how of the ATC/NAV systems development. This know-how adds value, high system. In order to determine the exact role of NETs in NEC pathogenesis, a protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibition model was established (preventing NETs formation in mice) by injecting BB-Cl-amidine once daily, starting on day one p.p. Additionally, human intestinal samples of diagnostically verified NEC were analyzed. In total, 76 mice were.

NEC Mice & Touchpads Driver Download For Windows 10

Abstract

Shop for Multimedia and Laser Projectors from huge selection of NEC's online stores. Browse NEC Mobile Projectors at best prices, Review features of Multimedia DLP & LCD projector. NEC's Digital Cinema Projector keep your audience engaged during presentations, Go wide with your presentations without breaking your budget with HD, DLP and Laser Cinema Projectors. NEC Deutschland provides “Solutions for Society” that promote the safety, security, efficiency and equality of society. NEC aims to help solve a wide range of challenging issues and to create new social value for the changing world of tomorrow. METHODS: Fourteen neonatal mice (C57BL/6) were randomized into two groups: NEC n=10 and control n=4. NEC was induced by gavage feeding of hyperosmolar formula, hypoxia, and lipopolysaccharide between postnatal day 5 (P5) and 9 (P9). Stomach volume was measured using a 40-MHz ultrasound transducer on P5 and P9.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting premature and mature infants. It is hypothesized that NEC is the result of neutrophils' active role in hyperinflammation after bacterial gut colonization, through their nuclear DNA release and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to combat pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of NETs in NEC pathogenesis, as well as to identify and validate markers of NETosis to predict NEC. NEC was induced in mice by gavage feeding of Neocate and lipopolysaccharide, followed by ten minutes of hypoxia (5% O2) q12h for five days, starting on day four postpartum (p.p.). The interrelation of NEC and neutrophils, including NETs, was assessed macroscopically (i.e. NEC score, SYTOX Orange), microscopically (i.e. Chiu score, citrullinated histone H3, neutrophil elastase), and in blood samples (i.e. cell-free DNA (cfDNA), DNase). In order to determine the exact role of NETs in NEC pathogenesis, a protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibition model was established (preventing NETs formation in mice) by injecting BB-Cl-amidine once daily, starting on day one p.p. Additionally, human intestinal samples of diagnostically verified NEC were analyzed. In total, 76 mice were analyzed in the experiment. Serum cfDNA correlated positively with NEC manifestation, as measured by macroscopic NEC score (r = 0.53, p = 0.001), and microscopic evaluation with Chiu score (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Markers of neutrophil activation and NETosis were significantly increased in animals with NEC and in human samples as compared to controls. Further, prevention of NETosis by protein arginine deiminase (PAD) inhibition in mice significantly reduced mortality, tissue damage, and inflammation in mice induced with NEC. Our results suggest that the hyperinflammation observed in NEC is a NETs-dependent process, as NEC severity was significantly reduced in mice incapable of forming NETs (PAD inhibition) and markers for NEC and NETs correlated positively during the time course of NEC induction. Further, serum surrogate markers of NETosis (such as cfDNA and DNase) appear to predict NEC in neonatal mice. As findings of the mouse NEC model correlate positively with human NEC samples immunohistochemically, the hyperinflammation reaction observed in mice could potentially be applied to human NEC pathogenesis.

Nec Mice & Touchpads Driver Download For Windows 10 64-bit

Nec Mice & Touchpads Driver Download For Windows 10 Pro

Publication:

Pub Date:

August 2018

DOI:

10.1038/s41598-018-31087-0

Bibcode:

2018NatSR...812612V